The average facility will fit into one of three basic rate structures: energy only, energy plus demand (charges both kWh & kW), and time-of-day energy plus demand billed (charges on-peak kWh, off-peak kWh & kW).
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To make a long story short, ensure that you receive building plans for any construction projects immediately after the work is complete. I would recommend not skimping on getting as-built plans either.
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Many buildings are working twice as hard for no added benefit while earning a bloated energy bill. The reason for these exorbitant costs is simultaneous heating and cooling.
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VFDs are capable of great energy savings if you take the time to program and optimize a good control scheme. You should be continuously modulating the speed to meet the current conditions.
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Electric heating efficiency is most commonly measured with COP. Electric resistance heating has a COP of approximately 1.0; that is for every one unit of electric BTU that is put into it, one unit of heat BTU is produced.
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In the same way, some HVAC controls companies nearly give away their systems for the price of a service contract. Who can turn down controls that cost a fraction of their competitors? Buyer beware!
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An AC tune-up includes several steps. The outdoor and indoor units are both cleaned to remove any dirt or debris that can restrict air flow, reducing equipment efficiency.
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The chiller itself is not the end-all/be-all of energy use in a chilled water system. Many factors should go into deciding the components of a chilled water system; whether to have an all primary chilled water system.
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When all is said and done, the installation of a Low-E ceiling can reduce the load on an ice rink by over 20%. This is huge because it will allow the refrigeration system to operate at a lower load.
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In the right applications with extended periods of simultaneous heating and cooling required among diverse zones, this type of system can have many more benefits than drawbacks.
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